PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.